Rujukan Islam Eropah

  1. ↑ A note about Albania published in Time magazine on April 14, 1923
  2. ↑ See, e.g., Wiktor-Mach, Dobroslawa (2008) "European Islam. The case of Polish Tatars", in: Hemispheres. Studies on Cultures and Societies, Centre on Non-European Countries, Polish Academy of Sciences, no. 23, pp. 135-146
  3. ↑ Lihat bab Tibi "Europeanizing Islam or the Islamization of Europe: political democracy vs. cultural difference" dalam Timothy A. Byrnes dan Peter Katzenstein (eds.), Religion in an Expanding Europe, Cambridge University Press 2006
  4. ↑ See Berman, Paul (2010). The Flight of the Intellectuals. Melville House Publishing. ISBN 978-1-933633-51-0.
  5. ↑ N. FADIL, Muslim girls in Belgium: individual freedom through religion?,
  6. ↑ The origin of the term predates Ramadan's book. Bassam Tibi coined the term in his 1992 paper "Conditions d'un Euro-Islam," published in R. Bistolfi und F. Zabbal (Eds.), In Islams d'Europe, Paris 1995.
  7. ↑ Tariq Ramadan, Who speaks for Europe’s Muslims?, 2000-06
  8. ↑ N. Le Quesne, "Trying to Bridge A Great Divide" in Time
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 Enemy within, Al Ahram Weekly
  10. ↑ Bassam Tibi, "Conditions d'un Euro-Islam," dalam Bistolfi und F. Zabbal R. (Eds.),dalam beragama Islam d'Eropah, Paris 1995.
  11. ↑ See Tibi's article "A Migration Story: From Muslim Immigrants to European “Citizens of the Heart?“" in: Fletcher Forum of World Affairs Vol.31 (Winter 2007) 1: 191-210.
  12. ↑ Paul Berman, The Flight of the Intellectuals, Melville House 2010
  13. ↑ See Bassam Tibi, "Euro-Islam: An Alternative to Islamization and Ethnicity of Fear", in: Zeyno Baran (Ed.), The Other Muslims: Moderate and Secular, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010, pp. 175-191.
  14. ↑ On the ethnicization of Islam in Europe see Tibi's chapter in Roland Hsu (Ed.), Ethnic Europe: Mobility, Identity, and Conflict in a Globalized World, Stanford University Press, 2010, pp. 127-156; also Bassam Tibi, "Ethnicity of Fear? Islamic Migration and the Ethnicization of Islam in Europe," in: Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2010, pp. 126-157.
  15. ↑ European Policy Centre Website
  16. ↑ , Amazon editorial review, Karen Leonard, Professor of Anthropology and Asian American Studies at the University of California, Irvine
  17. ↑ Peter Ford, "Europe's rising class of believers: Muslims", Christian Science Monitor, 2005-02-24
  18. ↑ Ramadar, Ramadan Calendar for European Muslims, 2009-12
  19. 1 2 Renata Goldirova, "Brussels questions EU capitals over approach to Islam" in the EUobserver, July 6, 2007